“The Regulation of Fine-Tuning: Federated Compliance for Modified General-Purpose AI Models” by Philipp Hacker and Matthias Holweg examines the regulatory implications of modifying general-purpose AI (GPAI) models. Given the specific obligations imposed on GPAI providers under the European Union’s AI Act, it is crucial to clarify the liabilities and responsibilities of those who fine-tune or adapt these AI models, especially when such modifications affect the system’s risk classification. Hacker and Holweg propose a federated compliance framework involving multiple actors across the AI value chain, supported by transparent registries and robust testing protocols. Their approach seeks to align legal, technical, and practical considerations, offering a path towards safer, more accountable, and trustworthy AI systems.